Refrigerating apparatus



June 27, 1933. E, E. ALLYNE REFRIGERATING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet l Original Filed Feb, l5, 1930 lllJ ll lhll Il [1| INVENTOR f M Mf-W ATTORNEY# June 27, i933.,

E. E. ALLYNE.

REFRIGERATING yAPPARATUS original Filed Feb. 15, 1930 2 Sheets-sheet 2 ATI'OR N EYSl n M d. w w/ Patented June 27, 1933 UNITED STATES ,PATENT OFFICE EDMUND E. ALLYNE, Oil?A CLEVELAN HEIGHTS,` OHIOr REERIGEBATING APPARATUS Application led February 13,`1930, Seria1 No. 428,052. RenewedI February 18, 1933.

y 1Q have been utilized heretofore for this purpose. Such a cooling medium presents a numberl of disadvantages by reason ofthe bulkiness of the appartaus, where impounded water is used,`the necessity of keeping the 1)-, tanks filled, and the wastefulness of running water. Furthermore, heretofore there has been a total loss ofthe heat of the condenser or, in other words, there hasbeen no utilization of the heat of the condenser for promotn ing the driving ofi' of the gas during the boiling operation from the loop or the boiler.

ln the past there has been no efficient mode of controlling the operation of an absorption refrigerating plant when applied to a box or refrigerator to account for the various climatic changes without resorting to complicated mechanism in the gas circuit.

The present invention aims tovover-come entirely the use of water or liquid cooling medium and employs an air cooling arrangement for the rectifier, the loop and the condenser, all arranged so that proper cooling eifect'is applied to these parts with the utilization of the heat of the condenser for -assisting in the, driving off of the gas during the heating operation and increasing the circulation in the generator. The cooling ef# feet of the returning gas during the cooling period is also utilized to promote absorption in the loop and generator during the cooling period. The particular embodiment is one wherein the condenser is provided with fins in heat radiating relation with respect to heat radiating fins arranged upon the loop so that i during the heating period the heat of the condenser is transmitted to the loop during the 'heating period and the cooling effect of the returning gas through the condenser is trans mit-ted to the loop for increasing the absorption in the loop and generator during the cooling period. v

'l ln addition to the foregoing the entire apparatus has suitable fiues arranged in the refrigerator structure so that the rectifier, on

the one hand, will have its own draftof air passing its radiating `fins without being effected by the draft lof air through another main iiue arranged to produce a draft of air about-'the generator and through the condens er and 4loop cooling fins which are arranged below the generator and, therefore, not effected by the heat therefrom.` v

The invention also aims to provide a regulating means for controlling the cooling/effect of the refrigerator by manipulating the draft through the main liuc past the generator and condenser. l

Other features of invention will be brought out in the following description, drawings and claims.- y i Referring to the drawings, F ig. l is a front view in perspective, sho/wing the entire intermittent' refrigeating apparatus removed from the refrigerator; Fig. 2 shows this ap paratus applied-to a refrigerator; Fig. 3 is a detail view of the ldamp control; F ig. 4 is a view of the back of the box; Fig. 5 is a top plan view of the storage; Fig. 6 is a section uponthe line 6 6 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a section upon the line 7 7 of F ig. 4.

In the drawings, 1 illustrates a refrigerator casing comprising'a lower compartment `1, a refrigerating chamber 2, heat insulated on all sides, as at 3, 4C, and 5. The'insulations v5, at the top, has buried init the storage, as will appear. The sides of the box are continued back to provide a rear vertical channel including three iiues, 7, and 8. The flue 6 is a small flue for the gas supply and return between the condenser and storage, as will appear, while the Hue 7 is for conducting away the heat of the apparatus during the heating period, and flue 8 is for providin a fiue for separate air passage past the rect' er and promotes circulation in the flue I by its proximity thereto. The bottom of the box is open at 9 and within the chamber 1 there is a housing member or casing 10 provided with a door 11 and extending from the bottom front edge in broken diagonal arrangement back to the iue 7. This casing is interrupted at the back corner by the :Hue 8 which extends to the floor and is open at the bottom, as at 12. The casing l0 forms a generating charnber 10 for the generator and it is open -at the bottom 9, as is obvious. The flue 7 aty vided with a damper 13 mounted upon a horizontalv pivot rod 14 and normally held closed by a.y spring Mounted belowr the refrigerating chamber is a suitable rod 16 having a handle 17 at the front, provided with a projection 18 adapted to enga e in any of the holes 19 provided in a hol ing plate 20, secured to the box. The rear end of this rod` projects into the flue 7 and is there provided with a cam 21 adapted to be rotated into engagement with the dam er to open the same and hold it in any adjusted position. By means of this damper the draft in the generating 'compartment 10 of the chamber 1 and through the condensers .may be regulated thereby regulating the speed of operation of the entire apparatus and the cooling effect in the box. f f f The refrigerating apparatus is of. the intermittent type with an oscillating gas circuit leading to the storage tank and evaporator. It comprises a boiler 22 to be heated by a gas burner or other heating means, not shown.

This boiler or generator is within the'generating compartment 10 formed in the chamber 1 so that it isafected by the draft control by the damper 13. Below this boiler or generator and in the extreme'bottom of the box so as to be affected by cool air 'circulated there- A through'isa main condenser comprising coils 23 having a multiplicity of the iins indicated at 24. In heat radiating contact with these iins'are a. gang of loop and condenser fins 25 which have passing through them a section of the main condenser comprising the coils 26 arranged near the bottom of these lins and adjacent the main condenser. These fins also have passing through them coils27 forming the gas return loop connected as at 28 to a pipe 29 leading up at the center into the bottom of the boiler, as shown in Fig. l. Both outer ends of these coils are connected by curved pipes 30 and 31 to the outer ends of the loop coils 27.. Suitable projections similar to the part marked 32 are provided on each of these pipes 30 and 31 to collect sediment. Extending upwardly from the top y of the boiler is a gas outlet pipe 33 passing to a point in the flue 7 near the top thereof and returning in a. pipe 34 to a point near the bottom of a trap or seal 35 and below any liquid collecting therein, as shown in Fig. 1. Extending from the top of this trap above the liuor thereinis an up rectifier pipe 36 provi ed with a plurality of vertically disposed tins 37 extending substantially the full pgth thereof to a point near the top of the This pipe 36 communicates by aI pipe or connection 38 with a down rectifier tube or element comprising` an `outer casing or tube 39 provided with fins 40 and an inner tube 41. The top of the annular space between 'these two tubes 39 and 41 -is sealed with an .annular sealing-plate 42. At the lower end lannular down channel for the gas in its course past this rectifier tube or element, cool air passing up past the fins 40 and through the inside of the tube 41. The extreme bottom or end of this annular 4rectifying element is connected with a pipe 44 leading up through the bottom ofthe trap 35 and to a point above the surface of the liquid therein, as shown in Fig. 1. It is obvious that any boiler liquor collecting in this down leg of the rectifier can pass up onto the upper surface of the liquor in the trap, a point which is important in this type of apparatus. Above the lower point of this annular -element is a tube 45 leading down and connected to vthe top or inlet of the condenser tubes 26. The other end these condenser tubes is connected by a pipe 46 to the main bank of condenser tubes 23 is connected to the riser 47 which leads to the storage and the evaporator structure, as will appear.

Extending up into the trap 35 to a point below the mouth of the tube 44, as shown in Fig. 1, is a loop pipe 48 which extends down and terminates in two branches 49 and 50,

the formerI being connected to a right hand pipe 31 as at the point 51 and the left hand 'i at the point 52, the latter point being lower in the pipe 30 than the point of entrance of the pipe 51 in the pipe 31. The gas on the return from the evaporator, as will appear,

enters the trap 35 above 'the liquor therein,

and supplies liquiied ammonia gas to thel receiver and also conveys the expanded gas from storage to the trap 35 from whence it passes to the generator during the cooling period.l i

The storage comprises, as shown in Fig. 5, a rectangular tubular tank 53 forming a closed circuit arranged horizontally and buried in the insulation 5 at the top of the box. This rectifier has upon its top four and results in abdomes 54, 55, 56 and 57. 55, 56 and 57 are substantially alike, and each is in communication with the storage by a suitable opening 58, as shown in Fig. 2. Within each of these domes is a baiile plate 59 provided with a plurality of openings 60 spaced from a lateral opening for receiving a pipe 61 leading to the dome 54. As shown in Fig. 5, there are three Vof-these pipes 61 connecting three of the domes 55, 56 and 57, to the dome 54. All of'these pipes enter, as shown in Fig. 6, below a diagonal baille plate 62 provided with an opening 63 at a low point. Above vthis baille is'another bams 64 extending diings 66 into the storage.

agonally in the opposite direction toward .it but leaving a passage 65 past it. The center and top of this dome receives the ,riser 47. After the rectified ammonia gas passesto this storage, it enters the dome 54 and passes through the opening 63 and through open- This operation" is continuous all during the heating period while the storage'and the evaporator are being supplied with liquefied ammonia. `When the heating period is terminated and evaporation starts there is considerable boiling and foaming in the storage andI the effect of this foaming action is produced by reason of these four outlets to the riser 47 through which the gas returns to the still absorber. Without adevice of this kind the foaming or boiling of the ammonia gas tends to cause quantities of unevaporated liquiied ammonia 4to pass down through the pipe or riser 47.

. A Communicating With the bottom of' the storage is the evaporatorA grid and it is and evaporator the proper volume of liquid formed of pipe bent back and forth in return bends 67, the outer ends both leading by pipes 68 and 69 to the bottom of the storage near the back of the box. At the front and center loop,.or return bend, there is a center pipe leading to the back manifold 7l connected to the various return bends and communicating by side legs 72 and stem 7 3 with the bottom of the storage. This manifold pipe 7l is also connected to a suck back drain pipe 74 connected to a. suitable trap vwlhich also communicates byl a short lateral pipe 76 with the pipe'or riser 47. This trap is a type familiar to those skilled 1n the art and is arranged to support in the storage refrigerant, passing, from time to tnie, any boiler liquor which might find its Way into the storage and evaporator. f p D Assuming that the still absorber contains a solution of Water and ammonia gas under pressure and that heat is applied, the effect lof the heat is to drive ofi the gas from the Water and cause it to travel up the pipe 33 down the pipe 34 to the trap 35 and to a point below liquor therein. The loop thus formed by the pipe parts 83 and 34 provides a liquid seal preventing the return of gas to the boiler through this path. For instance any gas returning to the trap will vdepress the liquor therein andr force a column-thereof up into the pipe 34, this column causing the gas to return to the boiler through another course, as will appear. The gas passing from the pipe 34 below the liquor bubbles up therey .through and passes up through the up pipe- Vor leg 36 Whereit is cooled by the ins 37 and by the draft of cool air passing up through the flue 8. The gas passing from the top of the tube' 36 passes over into the annular rectifying down element or leg Where it is y cooled by the ins 40 and thence passes yby the p which are air cooled by; circulation of air up through the bottom of the refrigerator into the chamber 10 and up through the main flue 7, the heat of the generator and of the condenser promoting thc circulation of cool' air through these tins. However, the heat transmitted to the iins 25 by the condenser coils 26 is transmitted to the loop coils 27 and thence to the liquor therein which results in arnp pipe to the coils26 of the condenser. Any

monia gas being drivenvfrom the liquor in these coils and also tending to heatl the liquor in the boiler by producing circulation therein. The gas' finds its Way through these coils 26 through the pipe 46 to therback of condenser coils 23 which are finned, as stated,

and are cooled to the point of -liquifying the gas in them. From time to time this liquid gas, collecting in these coils, -is driven up through the pipe 47 to the storage and thence to the evaporator grid. It collects until the heating period is terminated.

When the heating period is terminated, the heat of the generator andthe co'ndensers, etc.

.continue a rapid circulation of cooled air up through the condensers. Thus cooling the 35. It is also transmitted to the pipe 33 and the pipe 34. This latter pipe is below the vlower bank and also theupper bank and 4 level of the liquor in the trap 35'and liquid seal is produced in the pipe 34'and the suction effect is transmitted through the pipe 44, the

annular rectifier, pipe 45, the condenser pipe 47, the storage and the evaporator. In this waythe returning gas must pass to the loop coils 27 and in so doing is converted into.

bubbles in the end pipes ofthe loop Where it elongates against the upper curved surface of the end pipes and becomes absorbed in the boiler liquor, there being a circulation set up by the ,returninggas in the boiler and loop producing rapid absorption of the gas and refrigerating in the refrigerator. The degree of refrigeration may readily be controlled by the damper 13 in the main flue 7 since this damper regulates the amount of cool air passing the condenser and the generator.

wherein the loop is of back and forth coil' mon to each other and to both said condenser' and loop elements, whereby heat from said condenser elements is effective upon said loop elements during the heating period and the cooling eifect of the gas on its return through the condenser during the cooling` period is effective upon saidloop.

2. Refrigerating apparatus as in claim 1" wherein the condenser elements include a main condenser portion, air, cooling fins carried thereby, an auxiliary condenser portion having fins, and said loop element is arranged in the tins of said auxiliary condenser portion. Y

3. In absorption refrigerating apparatus,

an evaporator, a flue housing, a still absorben arranged 1n. sald housing, a gas return loop connected to the bottom of the stilll absorber and arranged below the same and comprising a plurality of loop elements, a condenser below said loop, and heat radiating fins common to both said loop and condenser.

4. Refrigerating apparatus as in claim 3,

wherein the condenser comprises. a lower main portion and an upper auxiliary portion in heat transfer relation with said fins adjacent said loop, and suitable connections for establishing a closed operative cycle between said elements.

5. Refrigerating apparatus as in claim 3 wherein the loop is of back and forth coil form in several convolutions under the still' absorber, a connection between substantially the physical center of said loop and the center ofthe still absorber, end connections between the ends of said loop and the bottom of the still absorber, and means for conveying the returning gas to both said end con# nections.

6. Refrigerating apparatus as in claim 3 form in several convolutions under the still absorber, a connection between substantially the physical center of said loop and the center of the lstill absorber, end connectionsy betweenthe ends of said loop and the still absorber, and gas return means connected to.

said end connections at different levels to promote starting of the cooling 'cycle and absorption.

' cooling periods, and a 'rectifier in the form of a vertical loop having two legs, one enter- 7. In absorption refrigerating apparatus, a still absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, a liquid seal trap for establishing proper circuiting of the gas during the heating and ing the trap above the liquid therein, the other extending downward and connected to 1 opening up through the condenser, and vertically arranged heat radiating fins carried by both of said legs.

8. 'Inrefrigerating apparatus as in claim. 7 swhere'in -the down leg of the -rectiter isl connected.` at its bottom by a tubeto the trap above the liquid therein and by a pipe above. its bottomvto the condenser whereby any liquor thrown .down in said down leg will be conveyed back to the trap and not to the condenser. h

9. Refrigerating vapparatus as in claim 7 whereinv the down leg of the rectifier is in the form of a tubular annulus having an air the center, and fins on the outside. f i f 10. Refrigeratin'g apparatus asin claim 7 wherein the down leg of the rectifier is in the form of a tubular annulus having an air opening up through the center, and iins on the outside, a drain connected to the bottom of said tubular annulus and leading to the trap above the liquid therein, and a gas ipe also connected to said tubular annulus a ove the bottom and leading to the condenser.

11. In absorption refrigerating apparatus, a still absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, a liquid seal trap for establishing proper circuiting of the gas during the heating and cooling periods, a gas loop connected to the boiler and comprising an up leg and a down leg, extending into said trap below the bottom thereof and below the liquid therein,'a

rectifier loop having an up leg connected to the top of said trap, fins carried by said up leg, a down rectifier leg, lins carried thereby,

a drain pipe connected to the bottom of saiddown leg and leading to the trap above the liquid therein, a condenser pipe connected to 1 said down leg above the bottom thereof and leading to the top of the condenser. I

12. In absorption refrigerating apparatus, a still absorber, and an evaporator comprising a storage above said still absorber, an evaporator grid in .gravitating communica' tion with said storage, and connections be-V tween said gridand said storage comprising end connectlons and a center connection. 13. In absorption refrigerating apparatus, a still absorber, a condenser, and an evapora? tor comprising a storage above said still absorber, an evaporator grid comprisingla plurality of loops and connecting the ends of' the grid to the storage and a center end connection also leading to said storage, connec-Z tions betweeu said grid and said storage comprising end connections and a center connection, said storage being in tubularA form and in a closed horizontal circuit, a plurality 0f combined inlet and outlet domes, at the top of said storage and distributed about the' same, and a gas supply and return pipe common to all of said connections.

vIn testimony whereof I hereby aliix my sig-` nature.

EDMUND E. ALLYNE# 

